07/02/2025
10 Best States to Work in as an Orthopedic Surgeon
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Orthopedic surgery is one of the most competitive and rewarding medical specialties, but where you practice can make all the difference in your career satisfaction, earning potential, and quality of life. Whether you prioritize high salaries, strong job demand, academic opportunities, or lifestyle perks, the right state can shape your professional trajectory.
In this guide, we analyze the top states for orthopedic surgeons based on employment data, average salaries, location demand, hospital networks, and livability factors. We’ll examine tax-friendly states like Florida and academic powerhouses like Michigan, considering the unique advantages of each location.
We’ve also incorporated insights from our own recruiters on what makes certain markets thrive, along with key considerations like malpractice climates, cost of living, and emerging orthopedic hubs. Whether you’re a new fellow exploring job prospects or an established surgeon seeking a change, this breakdown will help you find the best fit.
Let’s dive into the rankings and discover where your skills will be most valued, best compensated, and most fulfilling in 2025.
A note on data: Employment rates, location quotients, and salaries come from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salaries are based on full time employment data. Locums work may be higher.
Best States to Work in as an Orthopedic Surgeon
- Wisconsin
- Vermont
- Illinois
- Nebraska
- Arizona
- Michigan
- Florida
- New Jersey
- New Hampshire
- Ohio
- How We Chose the Best States for Orthopedic Surgeons
- Let Us Help You Find Your Next Orthopedic Surgery Role
1. Wisconsin
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons seeking high compensation and low cost of living.
- Current employment: 410
- Average cardiology salary: $546,740
- Average hourly wage: $262.86
- Location quotient: 1.5
Wisconsin offers a strong job market for orthopedic surgeons, with 410 currently employed and an above-average location quotient (1.5), indicating higher-than-normal demand for these specialists. The average salary of $546,740 is among the most competitive in the nation, and the presence of major healthcare systems like the University of Wisconsin Health and Aurora Health Care provides ample opportunities for both clinical practice and academic involvement. Madison and Milwaukee are particularly attractive, offering vibrant urban amenities alongside access to outdoor recreation, making it a great balance of career and lifestyle.
The state also benefits from a relatively low cost of living compared to coastal regions, enhancing the value of a surgeon’s earnings. Wisconsin’s medical legislation is generally physician-friendly, and its reputable medical schools, such as the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, foster a strong pipeline for research and training. For orthopedic surgeons who value a mix of metropolitan convenience, academic collaboration, and Midwestern affordability, Wisconsin is an excellent choice.
2. Vermont
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons who prefer a high-demand, small-market practice with an emphasis on quality of life and outdoor recreation.
- Current employment: 60
- Average cardiology salary: $471,590
- Average hourly wage: $226.73
- Location quotient: 2.1
Vermont may have fewer orthopedic surgery positions (60 employed), but its high location quotient (2.1) suggests a strong regional need for specialists, making it a hidden gem for those seeking high demand in a smaller market. The average salary of $471,590 is the second highest on our list, and the state’s exceptional quality of life—pristine nature, low population density, and tight-knit communities—offers additional compensation. The University of Vermont Medical Center stands out as a leading employer and provides cutting-edge orthopedic care and research opportunities.
Vermont often attracts physicians who are seeking opportunities in rural healthcare balanced with a progressive healthcare environment. The state has been proactive in healthcare legislation, including telehealth expansion and patient access initiatives, which can make practice more flexible. While the job market is smaller, orthopedic surgeons looking for a slower pace, a collegial professional atmosphere, and a scenic New England setting will find Vermont uniquely rewarding.
3. Illinois
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons pursuing prestigious academic affiliations and urban practice settings, despite a more competitive job market.
- Current employment: 250
- Average cardiology salary: $328,530
- Average hourly wage: $157.95
- Location quotient: 0.4
Illinois presents a mixed landscape for orthopedic surgeons, with a modest employment level (250 positions) and a below-average location quotient (0.4), suggesting less concentrated demand compared to other states. However, the average salary of $328,530 is on the higher end nationally, and you’ll also find world-class hospital systems like Rush University Medical Center, Northwestern Medicine, and the University of Chicago Medicine—all renowned for orthopedic excellence and research opportunities. Chicago, as a major metropolitan hub, offers cultural amenities, diverse patient populations, and academic collaboration, though competition for top positions can be fierce.
The state’s higher cost of living, particularly in Chicago, and its historically challenging malpractice climate may deter some surgeons, though recent reforms have improved the legal landscape. Illinois also boasts strong training programs, including Rush’s top-ranked orthopedic residency, attracting surgeons interested in teaching and innovation. For those willing to navigate a competitive urban market with elite institutions, Illinois remains a compelling option.
4. Nebraska
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons looking for high earning potential in a low-competition, family-oriented market with growing academic ties.
- Current employment: n/a
- Average cardiology salary: $426,320
- Average hourly wage: $204.96
- Location quotient: n/a
Nebraska offers a promising environment for orthopedic surgeons, with a solid average salary of $426,320 and a likely high demand given the state’s rural healthcare needs, though exact employment figures and location quotient are unavailable. Major employers like Nebraska Medicine (affiliated with the University of Nebraska Medical Center) and CHI Health provide robust clinical and academic opportunities, particularly in Omaha, which combines midwestern affordability with a growing healthcare sector. The state’s low population density means surgeons in smaller cities or rural areas may enjoy less competition and a broader scope of practice, including trauma and sports medicine.
Affordable housing, low traffic, and a family-friendly atmosphere are all major draws. Nebraska’s malpractice environment is relatively favorable, and its medical school is well-regarded for primary care, though orthopedic research is expanding. For surgeons seeking a balanced, lower-stress practice with strong earning potential and community impact, Nebraska is an underrated choice.
5. Arizona
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons who want a sun-filled lifestyle, sports medicine opportunities, and a booming patient population in a tax-friendly state.
- Current employment: 160
- Average cardiology salary: $468,860
- Average hourly wage: $225.41
- Location quotient: 0.6
Arizona is an increasingly attractive destination for orthopedic surgeons, offering a competitive average salary of $468,860 and a growing healthcare market. While the location quotient (0.6) suggests demand is slightly below the national average, the state’s rapidly expanding population—particularly in Phoenix, Tucson, and Scottsdale—creates a steady need for orthopedic care. Major health systems like the Mayo Clinic (Arizona), Banner Health, and Dignity Health provide top-tier clinical environments, with opportunities in sports medicine (thanks to Arizona’s professional and collegiate athletics) and joint replacement (driven by an active retiree population).
Beyond career prospects, Arizona boasts an exceptional quality of life, with year-round sunshine, outdoor recreation, and a flat-rate state income tax, enhancing take-home pay. The cost of living remains reasonable compared to coastal states, though urban sprawl can mean longer commutes. Arizona’s physician-friendly malpractice climate and growing medical education footprint, including the University of Arizona College of Medicine, make it appealing for both practicing surgeons and those interested in teaching. For orthopedic specialists seeking a mix of high earning potential, lifestyle perks, and a dynamic patient population, Arizona stands out.
6. Michigan
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons interested in top-tier academic medical centers, research opportunities, and a low-cost, high-quality lifestyle in the Great Lakes region.
- Current employment: 310
- Average cardiology salary: $447,210
- Average hourly wage: $215.01
- Location quotient: 0.8
Michigan offers a stable and rewarding market for orthopedic surgeons, with 310 currently employed and an average salary of $447,210—well above the national median for many specialties. The location quotient (0.8) indicates moderate demand, but major health systems like the University of Michigan Health, Henry Ford Health, and Corewell Health provide elite academic and clinical opportunities, particularly in Detroit, Ann Arbor, and Grand Rapids. These centers are hubs for innovation, including robotic-assisted surgery and musculoskeletal research, making Michigan ideal for surgeons seeking cutting-edge practice environments.
The state’s diverse economy and lower cost of living (compared to coastal metros) allow for a high quality of life, with access to the Great Lakes, vibrant urban centers, and strong school systems. Michigan’s malpractice laws are relatively balanced, and its medical education system ensures a steady pipeline of trainees and collaborative opportunities. For orthopedic surgeons who value prestigious institutions, affordability, and a four-season climate, Michigan is a compelling choice.
7. Florida
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons who want high demand, no state income tax, and a mix of beachside living and thriving metro practices.
- Current employment: 950
- Average cardiology salary: $397,400
- Average hourly wage: $191.06
- Location quotient: 1.1
Florida is one of the most active markets for orthopedic surgeons in the U.S., with 950 currently employed and a location quotient of 1.1, fueled by the state’s rapid population growth and aging demographic. While the average salary of $397,400 is slightly below some high-paying states, the lack of state income tax and lower cost of living compared to the Northeast or California enhance take-home pay. Major health systems like the Mayo Clinic (Florida), Cleveland Clinic Florida, and Orlando Health offer prestigious affiliations, while private practice opportunities thrive in affluent areas like Naples, Sarasota, and Miami.
Florida’s year-round warm weather, outdoor recreation, and booming medical tourism make it a lifestyle magnet for physicians. The state is particularly strong in joint replacement, sports medicine (thanks to professional teams and athletic training centers), and trauma care due to high retiree and tourist populations. While malpractice insurance costs can be a concern, recent tort reforms have improved the legal climate. With multiple top-tier residency programs (University of Florida, University of Miami) and a business-friendly environment, Florida is ideal for surgeons seeking high patient volume, diverse practice settings, and a relaxed lifestyle.
8. New Jersey
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons seeking high job demand in a densely populated market with easy access to NYC and Philadelphia referral networks.
- Current employment: 620
- Average cardiology salary: $338,500
- Average hourly wage: $162.74
- Location quotient: 1.6
New Jersey boasts a strong demand for orthopedic surgeons, with one of the highest location quotients on our list at 1.6 and 620 currently employed. However, the average salary of $338,500 is below the national peak, partly offset by the state’s proximity to major urban markets (NYC and Philadelphia) and high earning potential in affluent suburbs. Leading hospital systems like Hackensack Meridian Health, RWJBarnabas Health, and Atlantic Health System provide academic, research, and private practice opportunities, with subspecialty strengths in spine, sports medicine, and pediatric orthopedics.
Despite its high cost of living, New Jersey offers excellent schools, dense population centers (ensuring steady patient flow), and easy access to NYC’s elite medical networks. The state has historically high malpractice premiums, though recent reforms have helped stabilize costs. With top medical schools (Rutgers NJMS, Cooper Medical School) and a highly educated patient base, New Jersey is a strong choice for surgeons who want high demand, academic collaboration, and urban convenience without living in Manhattan.
9. New Hampshire
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons seeking high demand in a low-competition market with academic ties, tax benefits, and a peaceful New England lifestyle.
- Current employment: 170
- Average cardiology salary: $336,850
- Average hourly wage: $161.95
- Location quotient: 2.7
New Hampshire offers one of the highest location quotients (2.7) for orthopedic surgeons in the country, indicating exceptionally strong demand relative to its population size. With 170 currently employed and an average salary of $336,850, the state provides a lucrative market for specialists willing to practice in a smaller, tight-knit medical community. Major employers include Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, a nationally recognized academic hub, and Elliot Health System, both offering advanced orthopedic care in a region with limited competition. The state’s scenic beauty, low crime rates, and absence of income tax make it a hidden gem for work-life balance.
While New Hampshire lacks the urban density of neighboring Massachusetts, its proximity to Boston (for complex referrals) and rural patient populations ensures a diverse caseload, from sports injuries to joint replacements. The malpractice environment is relatively favorable, and the presence of Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine fosters academic opportunities. For orthopedic surgeons who prioritize autonomy, high demand, and an outdoor-oriented lifestyle without sacrificing access to top-tier medicine, New Hampshire is an outstanding choice.
10. Ohio
- Best for: Orthopedic surgeons who value top-tier hospital systems, low living costs, and a balanced practice environment in the Midwest.
- Current employment: 550
- Average cardiology salary: $274,290
- Average hourly wage: $131.87
- Location quotient: 1.1
Ohio is a steady and affordable market for orthopedic surgeons, with 550 currently employed and a location quotient (1.1) indicating slightly above-average demand. While the average salary of $274,290 is below the national median, the state’s low cost of living stretches earnings further, particularly in cities like Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus. Ohio boasts elite hospital systems, including the Cleveland Clinic (top-ranked in orthopedics), OhioHealth, and University Hospitals, offering cutting-edge research, high-volume practices, and strong residency programs.
The state’s diverse economy, major sports teams (creating sports medicine demand), and central location make it a reliable place to build a career. While malpractice costs are moderate, reforms have improved the legal climate. With multiple medical schools (Case Western, Ohio State) and a mix of urban and rural practice settings, Ohio is ideal for surgeons who want prestigious affiliations, manageable competition, and family-friendly affordability.
How We Chose the Best States for Orthopedic Surgeons
Selecting the top states for orthopedic surgeons required balancing objective data with qualitative factors that impact career satisfaction and quality of life. Our methodology focused on four key pillars:
- Compensation & Job Market: We analyzed average salaries, hourly wages, and employment data to identify states where cardiologists are competitively compensated. Location quotients helped determine market saturation—whether a state has higher demand (quotient >1) or fewer opportunities (quotient <1) relative to national averages.
- Hospital Systems & Academic Opportunities: States with nationally ranked cardiac programs (e.g., Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, or academic hubs like University of Chicago Medicine) scored higher, as these institutions offer career growth, research opportunities, and cutting-edge practice environments.
- Quality of Life & Cost of Living: We considered taxes, housing affordability, and lifestyle perks (e.g., outdoor recreation, urban amenities). States with no income tax (Florida) or high salary-to-cost-of-living ratios (Wisconsin, Ohio) gained an edge.
- Legislation & Practice Environment: Malpractice climates, physician-friendly tort reforms, and state healthcare policies were factored in.
While salary and employment numbers provided the foundation, we also incorporated insights from physician recruiters and regional trends (e.g., aging populations in Florida, academic innovation in Ohio) to ensure our recommendations reflect real-world desirability. The result is a curated list that helps orthopedic surgeons find the ideal balance between financial rewards, professional growth, and personal fulfillment.
Let Us Help You Find Your Next Orthopedic Surgery Role
Ready to Explore Your Next Opportunity? Whether you're seeking a change of scenery, higher earning potential, or a better work-life balance, Era Locums connects top orthopedic surgeons with premier locum tenens positions across the nation—from bustling academic medical centers to high-demand community hospitals. Browse open orthopedic surgery jobs today and find the perfect fit for your skills and lifestyle, with competitive pay, flexible schedules, and personalized placement support. Your ideal practice setting awaits!